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Thomas Heyes
Thomas Heyes was the publisher-bookseller who published the first quarto edition of William Shakespeare’s ''Merchant of Venice'', in London, in 1600.〔Braunmuller, A.R. (ed.) 2000. ''The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare''. Penguin Classics. 103 pp. p. lii.〕 He traded from 'St Paul’s Churchyard at the sign of the Green Dragon’.〔Clark W.G. and Wright W.A. (eds). 1863. ''The Works of William Shakespeare''. Vol II. MacMillan and Co, Cambridge and London. 464 pp. p. xi.〕
== The Shakespeare Connection ==
Thomas Heyes' right to publish Shakespeare's work is well attested. There is an entry in the ''Stationers' Register'' dated 28 October 1600:
Thomas Haies. Entred for his copie under the handes of the Wardens and by Consent of Master Robertes. A booke called the booke of the Merchant of Venyce.〔Arber, E. (ed.). 1875–1894. ''Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London, 1554-1640''. 5 vols., London and Birmingham. Vol III p. 175.〕
Based on the precise wording of this entry (“A booke called the booke…”), it has been concluded that the edition published by Heyes was an official prompt book. The book was printed by ‘I.R.’, the same James Roberts who had consented to its publication. Roberts was the printer of the playbills for Shakespeare’s theatre company, the Lord Chamberlain’s Men〔Kirschbaum L. 1955. ''Shakespeare and the Stationers''. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio p. 204.〕 Roberts had earlier secured the conditional rights to the play, registered by the Company of Stationers on 22 July 1598:
James Roberts. Entred for his copie vnder the handes of bothe the wardens, a booke of the Marchaunt of Venyce or otherwise called the Jewe of Venyce Prouided that yt bee not prynted by the said James Robertes or anye other whatsoeuer without lycense first had from the Right honorable the lord Chamberlen.〔Arber Vol III p. 122.〕
Thomas Heyes left the copyright for this work to his son, Lawrence, in his will when the latter was only a boy. The copyright for ''Merchant of Venice'' was adjudged to ‘Lavrence Heyes’ in full court on 8 July 1619.〔Kirschbaum p. 235.〕 Proving this copyright was probably prompted by the publication of the False Folio edition by William Jaggard earlier that year. Lawrence published the third quarto edition of ''Merchant of Venice'' in 1637, to be sold at his shop in Fleetbridge.〔Clark and Wright p. ix.〕 The copyright was later transferred from Bridget Hayes and Jane Graisby to William Leake on 17 October 1657.〔Eyre, G. E. B. and G. R. Rivington (eds.) 1913–1914. ''A Transcript of the Registers of the Worshipful Company of Stationers from 1640–1708''. 3 vols, London. Vol II p 150.〕 Leake published the fourth quarto edition of ''Merchant of Venice'' in 1652.
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